Question
Simulation software based on this formalism, like Athena++ and Julia's PLUTO, use adaptive mesh refinement to improve efficiency. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this formalism used in most high-energy astrophysical simulations. This formalism is governed by both the Navier–Stokes equations and Maxwell's equations.
ANSWER: magneto·hydro·dynamics [or MHD; or computational MHD; accept GRMHD or general relativistic MHD; prompt on hydro·dynamics or fluid dynamics or fluid mechanics]
[10e] Magneto·hydro·dynamics models this state of matter as a conducting fluid. This "fourth state of matter" consists of an ionized gas.
ANSWER: plasmas
[10m] Numerical solutions to PDEs in MHD are often calculated using a class of methods named for "finite" instances of this quantity. Buoyant force equals the product of little g, density, and this quantity.
ANSWER: volume [accept finite volume methods; accept displaced volume; prompt on V; reject "displacement"]
<Science - Physics>
Data
Summary
| Tournament | Edition | Exact Match? | Heard | PPB | Easy % | Medium % | Hard % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 PACE NSC | 06/07/2025 | Y | 41 | 15.37 | 100% | 46% | 7% |