magneto·hydro·dynamics - 2025 PACE NSC

Question

Simulation software based on this formalism, like Athena++ and Julia's PLUTO, use adaptive mesh refinement to improve efficiency. For 10 points each:

[10h] Name this formalism used in most high-energy astrophysical simulations. This formalism is governed by both the Navier–Stokes equations and Maxwell's equations.

ANSWER: magneto·hydro·dynamics [or MHD; or computational MHD; accept GRMHD or general relativistic MHD; prompt on hydro·dynamics or fluid dynamics or fluid mechanics]

[10e] Magneto·hydro·dynamics models this state of matter as a conducting fluid. This "fourth state of matter" consists of an ionized gas.

ANSWER: plasmas

[10m] Numerical solutions to PDEs in MHD are often calculated using a class of methods named for "finite" instances of this quantity. Buoyant force equals the product of little g, density, and this quantity.

ANSWER: volume [accept finite volume methods; accept displaced volume; prompt on V; reject "displacement"]

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Data

Team	Opponent	Part 1	Part 2	Part 3	Total
Adlai E. Stevenson A	Alabama Cyber Tech	0	10	10	20
Adlai E. Stevenson B	Park Tudor	0	10	0	10
Audrain County AT	Lexington	0	10	10	20
Barrington	Chattahoochee A	0	10	0	10
Carl Sandburg	Milton	0	10	10	20
Carmel B	Northside College Prep	0	10	10	20
Chattahoochee B	Hunter B	0	10	0	10
Classen SAS	Downingtown STEM	0	10	10	20
Coronado	Virginia	0	10	0	10
Detroit Catholic Central A	Northview	0	10	0	10
Detroit Catholic Central B	Fairfield County AT	0	10	10	20
Detroit Catholic Central C	Okemos	0	10	0	10
Edina	Seven Lakes	0	10	0	10
Fremd	Uni of Illinois Laboratory	0	10	10	20
Great Valley	Centennial A	0	10	10	20
Grosse Pointe South	Wayzata	0	10	0	10
Hinsdale Central A	Eastchester	0	10	10	20
Homewood-Flossmoor	Herron	0	10	10	20
Hunter A	Montgomery Blair A	0	10	10	20
Innovation Academy B	Uni School of Nashville A	0	10	0	10
Irvington	Solon	0	10	10	20
Kane County AT	Thomas Jefferson C	0	10	0	10
Lee's Summit	Yukon B	0	10	0	10
Lindbergh	Johns Creek	0	10	10	20
North Quincy	Lincoln-Way East B	0	10	10	20
Page	White Pigeon	0	10	0	10
Quince Orchard	Lambert B	0	10	0	10
Richard Montgomery	Walter Payton A	0	10	10	20
Russell	Thomas Jefferson D	0	10	0	10
Saint Joseph	Thomas Jefferson E	0	10	0	10
Saratoga	Parkway West	0	10	0	10
Strake Jesuit A	Lambert A	0	10	10	20
Strake Jesuit B	Innovation Academy A	0	10	0	10
Thomas Jefferson A	Belmont	0	10	10	20
Thomas Jefferson B	Centennial B	0	10	0	10
Uni School of Nashville B	Montgomery Blair B	10	10	10	30
Walker	Winston Churchill A	10	10	0	20
West Point	Georgetown Day	0	10	0	10
Westwood	Northmont	0	10	0	10
Winston Churchill B	Walter Payton B	10	10	10	30
Yukon A	Lincoln-Way East A	0	10	0	10

Summary

Tournament	Edition	Exact Match?	Heard	PPB	Easy %	Medium %	Hard %
2025 PACE NSC	06/07/2025	Y	41	15.37	100%	46%	7%