Question

Gabriele Veneziano's application of the Euler beta function to mesons inspired work on these objects by Nielsen and Susskind. The groups S·O-32 and E8-times-E8 characterize the two descriptions of the hybrid "heterotic" type (20[1])of these objects. These objects imply compactification on Calabi–Yau (20[1])manifolds (20[1])in successors (20[1])to Kaluza–Klein theory. (20[1])Worldsheets are (20[1])traced (20[2])out (20[2])by these objects (20[2])whose size is on the order of the (*) Planck length. (10[4])The "bulk" contains generalizations (10[1])of these objects (10[2])called "branes," (10[1])spelled (10[1])like "membranes." (10[1])M-theory (10[1])uses eleven-dimensional (10[3])supergravity (10[4])to describe (10[1])these objects. For 10 points, a potential theory of everything replaces (10[1])particles (10[2])with what vibrating, (10[1])one-dimensional objects? ■END■ (10[1])

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Summary