Question

A 2019 claim that negative mass is carried by these particles complicates their status as Goldstone bosons. (0[3])These are (0[1])the typical particles emitted alongside photons when Brillouin ("bree-WANN") scattering contributes to Stokes shift. Beyond the regime in which these particles' energy increases (0[1])linearly with momentum, maxons and rotons arise. A superconducting "isotope (0[1])effect" evidences the role of these particles (0[1])in the association of electrons (0[1])into (*) Cooper pairs. (10[3]0[2])The relative phase (10[3])of neighboring lattice particles indicates (10[1])whether these particles are "optical" or "acoustic." (10[3])These particles (10[1])are (10[1])discrete (0[1])units of vibration (10[2])in crystals. (10[6])For 10 points, identify these quasiparticles named for the Greek word (10[1])for "sound." (10[2])■END■ (10[10]0[5])

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