Question
In 2024, researchers at Cardiff University disputed the long-held belief that alkyl groups act as electron donors through this effect. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this effect, whose positive and negative types are respectively caused by electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups.
ANSWER: inductive effect [accept induction; prompt on +I or -I]
[10m] While electron-donating groups promote substitution at the ortho and para positions, electron-withdrawing groups direct substitution at this benzene position, which is separated from the group by one carbon in the ring.
ANSWER: meta position [or 3-position; accept meta-directors]
[10e] These elements are unusually ortho/para directors while also acting as electron-withdrawing groups. This group of elements includes chlorine.
ANSWER: halogens [or Group 17]
<Science - Chemistry>
Data
Summary
| Tournament | Edition | Exact Match? | Heard | PPB | Easy % | Medium % | Hard % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 PACE NSC | 06/07/2025 | Y | 40 | 14.00 | 100% | 25% | 15% |