Question
Pairs of these structures are distinguished by color in the "spectral" technique SKY. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name these structures visualized by a karyotype, enabling the diagnosis of disorders of these structures like Down's syndrome.
ANSWER: chromosomes [accept homologous chromosomes]
[10h] Down's syndrome involves a third copy of chromosome 21, so it is in this broad class of disorders defined by aberrant chromosome counts. This type of disorder, which often arises from nondisjunction in the early embryo, is the leading genetic cause of miscarriage.
ANSWER: aneuploidy [or aneuploidies; prompt on polysomy or polysomies or trisomy or trisomy 21 or trisomies or triploidy or polyploidy by asking "what is the more general category of disorders?"]
[10m] Tri·somies like Down's syndrome can arise from the retention of one of these cells in the egg. Oogenesis ("OH-oh-genesis") produces three of these small haploid cells.
ANSWER: polar bodies [or polar body]
<Science - Biology>
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